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AI Vacation Rental & Short-Term Rental (STR) Management 2026 Complete Guide — Guesty, Hostfully, IGMS, Hospitable, Lodgify, OwnerRez, PriceLabs, Beyond Pricing, Wheelhouse, Stayfolio, Yanolja Host, SQUEEZE, Airhost, STAY JAPAN Deep Dive

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Prologue — The Year STR Becomes an Industry

COVID shook the STR market twice in 2020. First a stop, then an explosion. From 2021-2022 the U.S. saw a wave of "Airbnb-furniture buyers" appear in every city, and AirDNA data shows active U.S. listings climbing from 1.0 million in 2020 to 1.6 million by 2024.

That boom started cooling in 2024 for three reasons.

  • Regulation — NYC Local Law 18 (September 2023) effectively banned short-term rentals. Barcelona declared a full ban in 2024, promising to drop STR licenses to zero by 2028. Korea still restricts urban homestay (도시민박업) to foreign guests, and Japan keeps the 180-day cap of the 民泊新法.
  • Oversupply — New hosts who entered in 2022-2023 piled into price competition, pulling ADR (average daily rate) and RevPAR (revenue per available room) down at the same time.
  • Operating inflation — Cleaning costs, management fees, and interest rates all rose together. Small hosts who cannot hit break-even quickly are selling out.

Two groups are surviving.

  • Early automation adopters — Hosts who stacked PMS, dynamic pricing, AI replies, and smart lock automation cut operating costs 30-50%.
  • Underserved niches — Design stays (Korea's Stayfolio), glamping, luxury villas, family-sized large units.

This article walks through PMS, dynamic pricing, AI, cleaning automation, guest experience, tax, and insurance as one continuous narrative. Local Korean and Japanese tools are included throughout.


Chapter 1 · STR Market Landscape 2026 — By the Numbers

First, market sizing. Estimates as of May 2026.

  • Global STR revenue — ~$115B USD. AirDNA and Skift combined.
  • United States — Airbnb listings ~1.7M, Vrbo ~900k (with overlap).
  • Europe — Booking.com includes ~2.5M vacation rentals. Airbnb ~1.3M.
  • Korea — ~6,500 registered urban homestays (도시민박업), ~28,000 rural homestays (농어촌민박), ~1,200 hanok stays (한옥체험업) per the Ministry of Culture. Estimated unregistered operations are 2x or more.
  • Japan — ~25,000 民泊 registrations under the Tourism Agency. Separately, ~8,000 旅館業法 簡易宿所 licenses.

Platform share (U.S. focus).

  • Airbnb 70-80%
  • Vrbo 15-20%
  • Booking.com direct 5-10%
  • Host's own site and other 5%

Chapter 2 · The 5-Layer Stack for STR Operations — The 2026 Standard

A veteran host's tool stack lines up in five layers.

[STR Operations 5-Layer Stack — 2026]
  L1. Channels/OTAs       Airbnb, Vrbo, Booking.com, Expedia VR, Yanolja, STAY JAPAN
  L2. PMS                 Guesty, Hostfully, iGMS, Hospitable, Lodgify, OwnerRez
  L3. Dynamic pricing     PriceLabs, Beyond Pricing, Wheelhouse, DPGO
  L4. AI operations       AI Reply (Hospitable), AI Assistant (Guesty), screening (Superhog, Autohost)
  L5. Ops automation      Cleaning (Turno, Properly), smart locks (Igloohome, RemoteLock), guidebooks (Touch Stay)

Small hosts (1-3 units) get by with L1+L2+L3. Large managers (20+ units) cannot keep up manually without automating all five layers.


Chapter 3 · Guesty — The Undisputed #1 in PMS

Guesty (www.guesty.com) was founded in Tel Aviv in 2013 by brothers Amiad and Koby Soto. As of 2026, it is the global PMS market leader.

  • May 2024 Series F130MledbyVistaCreditPartners.Cumulativefunding 130M led by Vista Credit Partners. Cumulative funding ~400M.
  • Customer scale — ~14,000 hosts and managers worldwide. ~250k properties managed.
  • M&A — Absorbed Your Porter (Asia/Australia), Bookingsync (EU multi-listing), and MyVR (U.S.) in stages.
  • Core features — Unified Inbox, Multi-Calendar, Auto Messaging, Cleaning Tasks, Owner Statements, Payment Processing, Channel Manager, Analytics.

Pricing is ~USD 28-45 per property per month, negotiated for large managers.

Guesty launched Guesty AI Assistant in 2024. Built on GPT-4, it pulls in reservation context (dates, rules, amenities) and drafts a guest reply; the host approves or edits with one click.


Chapter 4 · Hostfully — Favorite of Boutique Hosts

Hostfully (www.hostfully.com) was founded in San Francisco in 2016. After Guesty, it is the most often-mentioned PMS.

  • Property Management Platform — PMS for property managers.
  • Guidebooks — Separate SaaS. Dominant in the digital guidebook market.
  • Customer scale — ~6,500 managers, estimated ~65k properties.
  • Strengths — Clean UI and stable multi-channel sync.
  • Weaknesses — Narrower OTA integration and payment coverage than Guesty.

Pricing is USD 25-40 per property per month.

Hostfully Guidebook is sold separately from the PMS, letting any host launch a branded guest app independently.


Chapter 5 · iGMS — Friendly to Small and Mid-Size Hosts

iGMS (www.igms.com) started in Canada in 2016. Popular with 5-50-unit hosts.

  • Pricing — USD 14-30 per property per month. Below industry average.
  • Core features — Airbnb, Vrbo, Booking.com channel manager, Auto Messaging, Team Management.
  • Weaknesses — Enterprise-grade reporting and automation are thin. The pattern is hosts move to Guesty past ~100 units.

iGMS often ends up as the first PMS for new hosts thanks to pricing.


Chapter 6 · Hospitable (formerly Smartbnb) — The AI Reply Originator

Hospitable (hospitable.com) started in Belgium in 2016 as Smartbnb, founded by Pierre-Camille Hamana. Rebranded to Hospitable in 2022.

  • AI Reply — Auto-replies to guest messages. Arrival times, Wi-Fi, checkout, and other FAQs go 100% automatic.
  • Customer scale — ~10,000 hosts.
  • Pricing — USD 25-40 per property per month, sliding by unit count.

Hospitable's edge is that it tried "AI directly replies" instead of "AI suggests a reply" much earlier. Rule-based auto-reply ran in production back in 2018-2019 before GPT-3 existed, and the 2024 GPT-4 integration took it to the next level.


Chapter 7 · Lodgify — Friendly to New Hosts

Lodgify (www.lodgify.com) was founded in Barcelona in 2012. It helps hosts build their own website.

  • Website Builder — Hosts run a direct-booking site on their own domain to avoid OTA fees.
  • Channel Manager — Syncs Airbnb, Vrbo, and Booking.com.
  • Pricing — USD 12-32 per month. Among the cheapest in the industry.
  • Customers — Mostly small hosts with 1-10 units.

Lodgify specializes in the "independent host." Direct bookings via the host's own site avoid 15-20% OTA fees.


Chapter 8 · OwnerRez — Precision Tool for DIY Hosts

OwnerRez (www.ownerrez.com) was founded in the U.S. in 2007 — one of the oldest PMS in the market.

  • DIY-friendly — Built for hosts who run it themselves. Deep customization.
  • Pricing — USD 35 per month plus per-property fee.
  • Weaknesses — Dated UI. Mobile experience is weak.

OwnerRez is praised for reporting and accounting. Good fit for U.S. hosts with complex tax and settlement needs.


Chapter 9 · Streamline VRS — Enterprise for Large Managers

Streamline VRS (streamlinevrs.com) was founded in California in 1998. Specializes in managers with 100+ properties.

  • Trust Accounting — Funds segregation compliant with U.S. real estate trust accounting rules.
  • Owner Portal — Owners directly see revenue and cleaning schedules for their units.
  • Weaknesses — Onboarding costs USD 5,000-20,000. Steep learning curve.

Streamline is the standard for managers running entire resort complexes or condo buildings.


Chapter 10 · Track HS · Lighthouse Combined

Track HS (www.trackhs.com) is another enterprise PMS. Acquired by Lighthouse in 2020.

  • CRM + PMS — Managers handle owners (hosts) and guests in one place.
  • Pricing — Negotiated. For large operations only.
  • Strengths — Operations, marketing, and owner management on one screen.

Track HS, alongside Streamline, splits the large U.S. STR manager market.


Chapter 11 · PriceLabs — The Dynamic Pricing Standard

PriceLabs (www.pricelabs.co) was founded in Chicago in 2014. The de facto standard for STR dynamic pricing.

  • Data — Own market data plus AirDNA supplements. Daily analysis of nearby competitor ADR and availability.
  • Algorithm — Base Price × demand modifiers × seasonality × event calendar × minimum stay.
  • Pricing — USD 10-20 per property per month, sliding by unit count.
  • Compatible PMS — Integrated with Guesty, Hostfully, iGMS, Hospitable, and OwnerRez.

PriceLabs AI launched in beta in 2024. ML learns competitor price changes, events, weather, and booking curves together.


Chapter 12 · Beyond Pricing — Vrbo's Official Partner

Beyond Pricing (www.beyondpricing.com) was founded in San Francisco in 2014. The strongest competitor to PriceLabs.

  • Official Vrbo partner — Vrbo named Beyond its preferred partner in 2023.
  • Pricing — 1% of revenue.
  • Strengths — Strong Vrbo visibility and powerful BI features for larger managers.
  • Weaknesses — Revenue-based pricing makes per-property cost higher than PriceLabs.

The host choice rule is simple: Airbnb-focused, pick PriceLabs; Vrbo or multi-channel, pick Beyond.


Chapter 13 · Wheelhouse · DPGO · AirDNA SmartRates

Wheelhouse (www.usewheelhouse.com) was founded in San Francisco in 2014.

  • AI pricing — ML-based recommendations. Hosts pick Aggressive, Balanced, or Conservative.
  • Pricing — 1% of revenue.

DPGO (www.dpgo.com) is a newer entrant with an AI-first pitch.

AirDNA SmartRates (www.airdna.co) launched in 2024 as AirDNA's own pricing tool, using its data directly.

There are at least five minor options between PriceLabs and Beyond. For small hosts, PriceLabs remains the best value.


Chapter 14 · The 2026 Channel Manager & OTA Landscape

Multi-channel operation is the STR baseline. The channel manager is usually built into the PMS, but standalone solutions exist.

  • Airbnb — Global #1. ~800k hosts, ~8M active listings.
  • Vrbo — Strong with U.S. families. Part of the Expedia group.
  • Booking.com — #1 in Europe. Aggressively absorbing STR.
  • Expedia Vacation Rentals — Vrbo's sibling.
  • Tripadvisor Rentals — Share declining.
  • Google Vacation Rentals — Shut down in 2023.

Korean and Japanese channels get their own chapters below.


Chapter 15 · Korea STR — Stayfolio and Yanolja Host's Two-Pillar Market

Korean STR is split by law into urban homestay (도시민박업), rural homestay (농어촌민박), and hanok stay (한옥체험업).

  • Stayfolio (www.stayfolio.com) — Design-led stays at the center. Lifestyle curation. The de facto OTA for Korean boutique STR.
  • Yanolja Host (business.yanolja.com) — Host onboarding for Yanolja's platform. STR sits alongside motels and pensions.
  • Goodchoice Host (여기어때) (biz.goodchoice.kr) — Goodchoice's platform.
  • Airbnb Korea — Global. Only urban homestay registrants are operating legally.
  • VRBO Korea — Negligible local presence.
  • MyStay (mystay.co.kr) — Pool villa and pension specialist.

Property management firms like STAYLIST and Hospitality Management handle foreign-guest support, cleaning, and settlement on behalf of owners.


Chapter 16 · Korea's Urban Homestay · Rural Homestay · Hanok Stay Categories

To run an STR legally in Korea, you must register under one of three categories.

  • Urban homestay (도시민박업) — Urban areas, foreign guests only, up to 230 m². Owner-occupier must live on premises.
  • Rural homestay (농어촌민박) — Rural areas, both domestic and foreign guests, up to 230 m². Owner-occupier must live on premises.
  • Hanok stay (한옥체험업) — Traditional Korean houses. Both domestic and foreign guests allowed.

From 2024, some local governments (Jung-gu and Jongno-gu in Seoul) are piloting domestic-guest acceptance for urban homestays, but nationwide expansion is undecided.

Unregistered operation can lead to up to one year imprisonment or fines up to 10 million won. Enforcement is complaint-driven in practice.


Chapter 17 · Japan STR — Surviving the 180-Day Cap of 民泊新法

Japanese STR shifted dramatically when the 民泊新法 (住宅宿泊事業法) took effect in 2018.

  • 180-day cap — Maximum 180 operating days per year. Local governments can add restrictions.
  • Registration requirement — Tourism Agency registration. Violations bring shutdowns.
  • Alternative — 旅館業法 簡易宿所 — Year-round operation. But facility requirements are stricter (fire safety, toilet count, room size).

Tokyo, Kyoto, and Osaka layer extra ordinances such as weekday-operation bans or no-operation zones near schools.


Chapter 18 · SQUEEZE Suitebook · Airhost · STAY JAPAN

Japan's PMS market is dominated by domestic vendors.

  • SQUEEZE Suitebook (www.squeeze-inc.co.jp) — Tokyo. The starting point for 民泊 operations. Bundles cleaning, check-in, and payments.
  • Airhost (www.airhost.co) — Japan-built PMS. Syncs Airbnb, 楽天トラベル, and Booking.com. Strong foreign-guest support.
  • STAY JAPAN (stayjapan.com) — Legal 民泊 OTA run by 百戦錬磨. Only lists 民泊新法-registered hosts.
  • Rakuten STAY (stay.rakuten.co.jp) — Rakuten Group's STR brand.
  • Vacation STAY (vacation-stay.jp) — LIFULL's STR platform.
  • Beach.com — Booking Japan's STR product.

The typical host uses Airhost or Suitebook as PMS and pushes inventory to Airbnb, STAY JAPAN, Rakuten, and Booking simultaneously.


Chapter 19 · Smart Locks and IoT — The Self-Check-In Standard

Self-check-in via guest-direct entry is the STR baseline. Smart locks are mandatory.

  • Igloohome (www.igloohome.co) — Singapore. Offline-capable PIN generation. Strong PMS integration.
  • August / Yale Smart Lock (august.com, yalehome.com) — Part of Assa Abloy Group. Standard in U.S. homes.
  • Schlage Encode (www.schlage.com) — U.S. brand. Wi-Fi built in.
  • RemoteLock (www.remotelock.com) — Multi-lock management. Standard for managers with 100+ units.
  • Korea: KOCOM and Gateman — Samsung SHS series. #1 in Korean villas and apartments.
  • Japan: Akerun (akerun.com) — Fumita. Standard in offices and 民泊.
  • Japan: Bitkey (ビットキー) (bitkey.com) — Late entrant. Rapidly grabbing hotel and 民泊 share.

Smart locks are only useful when integrated with PMS. The core workflow is auto-issuing a unique PIN per booking and deactivating it after checkout.


Chapter 20 · Cleaning Automation — Turno · Properly · Doinn

Cleaning is half of STR operations. Automation has consolidated the market.

  • Turno (formerly TurnoverBnB) (turno.com) — Cleaner marketplace plus scheduling. U.S. #1. From cleaner matching to payment.
  • Properly (properly.com) — Standardized cleaning checklists with photo verification. Acquired by Vrbo in 2022.
  • Doinn (doinn.co) — Europe-centric. Strong in Portugal and Spain.

Cleaning is 30-40% of STR operating costs. Auto-matching cleaners through a marketplace like Turno improves labor bargaining power.


Chapter 21 · Guest Experience Apps — Digital Guidebooks and Screening

Self-service for guests when the host cannot respond in person.

  • Touch Stay (touchstay.com) — Digital guidebook. Guests access instructions via QR code.
  • Hostfully Guidebook — Sold separately from the PMS.
  • YourWelcome (yourwelcome.com) — Tablet-based guest app.
  • OperTo Guest (operto.com) — Bundles pre-arrival screening, digital keys, and guidebooks.

Guidebooks should cover Wi-Fi, checkout, trash disposal, and emergency contacts. Multi-language coverage in English, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese is essential.


Chapter 22 · AI Guest Screening — Superhog · Autohost

Risk-guest blocking. Fraud, parties, and property damage.

  • Superhog (superhog.com) — U.K. ID verification plus deposit protection. Integrated with Vrbo and Booking.
  • Autohost (autohost.ai) — Canada. AI-based guest risk scoring.
  • Guesty Screening AI — Built into Guesty. Released in 2024.

Screening combines ID photos, credit-card name match, prior reservation history, and social media footprint. "Local 30-minute-radius resident booking a 1-night stay" is auto-flagged.


Chapter 23 · Co-Host Marketplaces — Airbnb Co-Host Network and Hostshare

Airbnb launched the Co-host Network in November 2024. Hosts can outsource operations to other hosts.

  • Airbnb Co-host Network — A trusted host runs the neighbor host's listing. Fees negotiated between hosts.
  • Hostshare (hostshare.co) — Host-to-host home exchange network. "Stay at another host's place for free and let them use yours."

Co-hosts let small hosts scale one or two units without taking on full operational overhead.


Chapter 24 · STR Analytics — AirDNA · Transparent · Mashvisor · Rabbu

Investment and operational decisions need data.

  • AirDNA (www.airdna.co) — #1 market research. City- and property-level ADR and occupancy data.
  • Transparent (transparent.com) — Acquired by Inhabit in 2023. Enterprise-focused.
  • Mashvisor (mashvisor.com) — For real estate investors. STR vs long-term rental comparisons.
  • Rabbu (rabbu.com) — U.S. real estate investors. Projected revenue simulation.

Hosts use AirDNA to look up city ADR and occupancy, then make pricing and acquisition decisions.


Chapter 25 · Tax and Insurance — Avalara MyLodgeTax · Proper Insurance

The two things STR hosts most often miss.

  • Avalara MyLodgeTax (www.avalara.com/mylodgetax) — Auto-files lodging tax for U.S. 50 states plus counties. Airbnb auto-collects in some cities, but Vrbo and direct bookings remain the host's responsibility.
  • Proper Insurance (www.proper.insure) — STR-specific insurance. Standard homeowner policies often do not cover STR.
  • Slice Labs (slice.is) — Per-day STR insurance.
  • Truvi (Vrbo CoverYour Stay) — Vrbo's integrated insurance.

Korean hosts also handle VAT and business income tax beyond the homestay registration. Japanese hosts face income tax, 住民税, and 消費税 after 民泊 registration.


Chapter 26 · Multi-Unit and Enterprise — Vintory · Boostly

Managers with 20+ units run separate sales and marketing automation tools.

  • Vintory (vintory.com) — Acquisition CRM for STR managers. "Trust us with your unit and earn more" outreach.
  • Boostly (boostly.co.uk) — Direct-booking marketing coaching plus tools.

For large managers, host (owner) acquisition is the core growth lever. Vintory consolidated this category.


Chapter 27 · FAQ Roundup for Korean and Japanese Hosts

Operational frequently asked questions.

[Korea Urban Homestay FAQ]
  Q. Can I accept Korean domestic guests?
  A. Foreign guests only as a rule. Some local pilots allow Koreans. Check the city/district office.
  Q. Must the owner-occupier live on premises?
  A. Yes. Owner co-residence is mandatory for urban homestay. Violation revokes registration.
  Q. Is rural homestay different on residency?
  A. Rural homestay also requires owner co-residence. But both domestic and foreign guests are allowed.
  Q. Can I register the same property as both urban and rural homestay?
  A. Not for the same facility. Different facilities can be categorized separately.

[Japan Minpaku FAQ]
  Q. How is the 180-day cap counted?
  A. One night equals one day. Counted on April 1 to March 31 annually.
  Q. Does 旅館業法 簡易宿所 mean year-round operation?
  A. Yes. But facility, fire, and toilet standards are stricter.
  Q. Can I list 民泊 on 楽天トラベル?
  A. Yes. Concurrent operation across STAY JAPAN, Airbnb, and Booking.com is allowed.
  Q. Japanese guests want Korean-language support.
  A. Use multi-language templates plus AI reply in Airhost or Suitebook.

Chapter 28 · A Real Workflow — Daily Automation for a 1-Property Host

Standard workflow for a small host stacking PMS, dynamic pricing, AI reply, and smart locks.

  • Step 0 — Guest search — PMS syncs multi-channel availability to Airbnb, Vrbo, and Booking.
  • Step 1 — Booking — Guest books. PMS processes payment, sends welcome message, and generates smart lock PIN automatically.
  • Step 2 — 24 hours before arrival — PMS sends check-in instructions, Wi-Fi, and arrival-time confirmation. AI Reply handles guest questions automatically.
  • Step 3 — Check-in — Self-check-in with smart lock PIN. PMS auto-pushes arrival confirmation.
  • Step 4 — During stay — AI Reply gives first-pass answers to guest questions. Host approves or edits.
  • Step 5 — Checkout — Smart lock PIN auto-expires. PMS auto-assigns cleaner (Turno integration).
  • Step 6 — Cleaning complete — Cleaner uploads photos. Properly compares against the standard checklist. Host inspects, then the unit is ready for next guest.
  • Step 7 — Price update — PriceLabs updates next week's prices daily.

When this loop is automated, a host needs only 30-60 minutes per day to run 5-10 properties.


Chapter 29 · Pitfalls STR Hosts Fall Into

Lastly, the risk roundup.

  • Regulatory ignorance — Unregistered urban homestay, exceeding Japan 180-day cap, missing U.S. city registration. Caught means shutdown and fines.
  • Insurance blind spots — Standard homeowner policies do not cover STR damage. Proper Insurance or Slice is mandatory.
  • Unreported tax — Airbnb auto-collects but direct bookings are on the host. Korea VAT and business income tax; Japan 住民税 and 消費税.
  • Neighbor disputes — Parties and noise complaints trigger municipal inspection. Recommend IoT noise sensors like NoiseAware.
  • OTA dependency — A single Airbnb policy change can shake revenue. Maintain direct-booking share (Lodgify Website Builder) above 30%.

Chapter 30 · Conclusion — Automation, Compliance, Differentiation are the Three Pillars

The 2026 STR market has moved past the first explosion phase into industrial maturity.

  • Automation is not optional — PMS, dynamic pricing, AI reply, smart locks. Skipping them means lost hours and broken margins.
  • Compliance is up-front — City-level regulation tightens every year. Get registration, tax, and insurance done before opening.
  • Undifferentiated units die out — Design, location, or price must be strong in at least one. "Just an empty house" is no longer enough.

Stayfolio, SQUEEZE, Airhost, and STAY JAPAN demonstrate that direction in each region. The host's future is the multiplication of automation and differentiation.


Appendix · Quick Reference

[Global PMS]
  Guesty          guesty.com         Global #1, USD 28-45/property/mo
  Hostfully       hostfully.com      Boutique, USD 25-40/property/mo
  iGMS            igms.com           Small/mid hosts, USD 14-30/property/mo
  Hospitable      hospitable.com     AI Reply originator, USD 25-40/property/mo
  Lodgify         lodgify.com        Beginner-friendly, USD 12-32/mo
  OwnerRez        ownerrez.com       DIY, USD 35/mo plus property fee
  Streamline      streamlinevrs.com  Enterprise, negotiated
  Track HS        trackhs.com        Enterprise, negotiated

[Dynamic pricing]
  PriceLabs       pricelabs.co       Airbnb-focused, USD 10-20/property/mo
  Beyond Pricing  beyondpricing.com  Vrbo official, 1% of revenue
  Wheelhouse      usewheelhouse.com  AI, 1% of revenue
  DPGO            dpgo.com           AI, new entrant

[Korea]
  Stayfolio      stayfolio.com      Design stays
  Yanolja Host   business.yanolja.com Yanolja
  Goodchoice Host biz.goodchoice.kr Goodchoice
  MyStay         mystay.co.kr       Pool villas

[Japan]
  STAY JAPAN     stayjapan.com      Legal minpaku OTA
  Suitebook      squeeze-inc.co.jp  SQUEEZE
  Airhost        airhost.co         Japan-built PMS
  Rakuten STAY   stay.rakuten.co.jp Rakuten
  Vacation STAY  vacation-stay.jp   LIFULL

[Smart locks]
  Igloohome      igloohome.co       Singapore, strong PMS integration
  August/Yale    august.com         U.S. homes
  RemoteLock     remotelock.com     Large managers
  Akerun         akerun.com         Japan
  Bitkey         bitkey.com         Japan

[Cleaning]
  Turno          turno.com          U.S. #1
  Properly       properly.com       Vrbo-owned
  Doinn          doinn.co           Europe

[Analytics]
  AirDNA         airdna.co          #1
  Transparent    transparent.com    Inhabit
  Mashvisor      mashvisor.com      Investors
  Rabbu          rabbu.com          U.S. investors

References