Skip to content
Published on

AI Smart Buildings & HVAC Automation 2026 Complete Guide — Niagara Tridium · BrainBox AI · 75F · Cohesion · Johnson Controls OpenBlue · Honeywell Forge · Siemens Desigo · Schneider EcoStruxure · Daikin · Mitsubishi Deep Dive

🇰🇷KO🇺🇸EN🇯🇵JA
Split View필사 모드
Authors

Prologue — When a Building Became a System

As of May 2026, buildings account for roughly 34 % of global final energy use and about 37 % of CO2 emissions, per the International Energy Agency. While other sectors fell, buildings grew.

The reason is simple. HVAC, lighting, elevators, and data centers (the IT rooms inside buildings) consume power at the same time, and ASHRAE research going back to the 1990s has consistently found that 30-40 % of that load runs "while no one needs it."

The problem is operations, not equipment.

Two things happened at once.

  • Regulatory pressure — The EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) 2024 revision, New York Local Law 97, California Title 24, Japans Energy Saving Act, and Koreas Building Energy Efficiency Grade system all push in the same direction: measurable carbon cuts.
  • AI + IoT maturity — BACnet/SC (Secure Connect), Project Haystack, and Brick Schema have structured building data, and LLMs plus time-series forecasting models now run on top of them.

Here is a one-sentence summary for May 2026.

  • The BAS Big Five — Honeywell, Johnson Controls, Siemens, Schneider, and Trane hold most of the market.
  • Vendor-neutral middleware — Tridium Niagara has become the "Android of BAS." A Honeywell subsidiary, but multi-vendor.
  • AI startups — BrainBox AI, 75F, Cohesion, and PassiveLogic push the "Autonomous Building" idea.
  • Semantic standards — Project Haystack and Brick Schema define the ontology for building data.
  • AI digital twins — NVIDIA Omniverse, Cesium, and Autodesk Forma simulate at building scale.

This article ties together those 30+ platforms with the regulations and standards that frame them.

Chapter 1 · Why AI Smart Buildings Now

Before tools, look at the demand. Five pressures on the 2026 building market.

  • Carbon regulation — The EU EPBD 2024 revision mandates 16 % energy reduction for non-residential buildings by 2030 and 26 % by 2033. NYC LL97 has been fining buildings over 2,500 m² at 268 USD per ton since 2024.
  • Uncertain return-to-office — U.S. urban office occupancy has stalled at 50-65 % of pre-pandemic levels. Operations must adapt to variable occupancy.
  • Skilled labor shortage — Average BAS engineer age in the U.S. is 55. ASHRAE estimates 30-40 % retirements over the next decade.
  • Electrification — Gas boiler to heat pump conversion is happening at the same time across the EU, U.S., Korea, and Japan. Heat pumps must integrate more tightly with the BAS.
  • Data explosion — IoT sensors are now in the thousands per building. No human reads them all.

The core value of AI is "find patterns humans cant see, then adjust automatically." Operators no longer arrive at 9 a.m. to check average office temperature; the system has been pre-heating or pre-cooling since 4 a.m. based on outside air, occupancy forecast, and electricity prices.

[The 5-Layer Building Automation Stack — 2026 Model]
  1. Sensing + Data Collection  — IoT sensors, BACnet/Modbus gateways
  2. Integration Middleware     — Niagara Framework, Brick Schema tagging
  3. Analytics + Visualization  — Cohesion, Verdigris, Honeywell Forge dashboards
  4. AI Optimization            — BrainBox AI, 75F, PassiveLogic (autonomous control)
  5. Reporting + Compliance     — Watershed, Persefoni, Salesforce Net Zero

Different vendors excel at different layers, which is why standards like Niagara, Haystack, and Brick matter.

Chapter 2 · The BAS Big Five — Honeywell · JCI · Siemens · Schneider · Trane

The Building Automation System market has roughly a century of history, and five companies hold over 70 % of the global market.

  • Honeywell — Founded 1885. HQ in Charlotte, North Carolina. Consolidated automation and control into a single division in 2003. Honeywell Forge is the integrated IoT platform as of 2024.
  • Johnson Controls (JCI) — Founded 1885 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (now headquartered in Cork, Ireland). Merged with Tyco in 2017. Announced OpenBlue in 2020.
  • Siemens Smart Infrastructure — Munich, Germany. Desigo CC for BAS, Building X for cloud, and Comfy (acquired 2018) for the user app.
  • Schneider Electric — Lyon, France. EcoStruxure Building is the BAS platform. Plays in data centers, industry, and buildings.
  • Trane Technologies — Spun off from Ingersoll Rand in 2020. HQ in Dublin, Ireland. HVAC equipment plus Trane AI.

Beyond the Big Five there are ABB (Cylon, Ability), Carrier (which acquired Toshibas HVAC), and Daikin (Japan, the worlds largest HVAC company).

Chapter 3 · Niagara Framework — The "Android" of BAS

Niagara Framework (tridium.com) is middleware developed by Tridium, based near Richmond, Virginia, starting in the late 1990s. Honeywell acquired Tridium in 2005, but the "vendor-neutral" policy stuck and Niagara became the standard for multi-vendor BAS integration.

  • Current version (May 2026) — Niagara 4.14. Java-based. Its object model converts BACnet, LonWorks, Modbus, OPC UA, MQTT, and oBIX.
  • JACE controllers — Gateway boxes on the building floor. They run Niagara as firmware and integrate hundreds of IoT devices.
  • Ecosystem — Roughly one million JACE devices installed worldwide, per Tridiums official figures.
  • Open + licensed — The standard is public, but JACE hardware and the SDK are licensed. The word "open" is ambiguous.

Niagara matters because it lets you run a BAS without locking into a single vendor. You can manage a Honeywell boiler, a JCI chiller, and a Siemens room controller from one screen.

Chapter 4 · BACnet, BACnet/SC, Modbus, OPC UA, MQTT

Building automation protocols were set in the 1990s and most of them are still in use.

  • BACnet — Building Automation and Control Networks. ASHRAE Standard 135. First published in 1995. Version 1.20 as of 2026.
  • BACnet/SC (Secure Connect) — A secure variant added in 2020. TLS plus WebSocket. Fixes the authentication gap of legacy BACnet/IP.
  • Modbus — A serial protocol from Modicon dating to 1979. RTU (serial) and TCP versions. Standard in both industry and buildings.
  • OPC UA — Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture. Industrial-leaning but used in buildings.
  • MQTT — Publish-subscribe protocol for IoT. Most common for cloud connectivity.
  • KNX — Mostly European. Residential and small commercial.
  • LonWorks — An Echelon standard from the 1990s. Losing share but still present in legacy systems.

Niagaras value lies in unifying all of these in one screen. New buildings mostly standardize on BACnet/IP or BACnet/SC.

Chapter 5 · Project Haystack — Semantic Tagging for Buildings

Collecting data is not enough. You need meaning: "this sensor is the discharge air temperature of room 23" before analysis is possible.

Project Haystack (project-haystack.org) is an open standard started in 2011 by John Petze and others.

  • Tag-based — Each data point carries tags like temp, air, discharge, vav.
  • Haystack 4 (2026) — Graph data model. SPARQL-like queries.
  • Commercial adoption — Honeywell, JCI, Siemens, and Schneider all offer Haystack-compatible options.

Without Haystack, analyzing BAS data means a human labels every point. For a 5,000-point building, that alone is weeks of work.

Chapter 6 · Brick Schema — Building Ontology from UC Berkeley and CMU

There is a parallel academic standard with similar goals. Brick Schema (brickschema.org).

  • Origin — A 2016 joint paper by UC Berkeley, CMU, IBM, and UCSD.
  • RDF/OWL-based — A building-domain ontology layered on Semantic Web standards.
  • Classes + relationships — Buildings are expressed as triples like Brick:VAV isFedBy Brick:AHU.
  • 2026 version — Brick 1.4. Mappable to Haystack.

The industry effectively split into "Brick or Haystack," but ASHRAE Standard 223P is moving toward unifying the two as of 2025.

Chapter 7 · Honeywell Forge — Integrated OT/IT Platform

Honeywell Forge (honeywell.com/forge) is an integrated digital platform announced in 2019. Three lines: Connected Buildings, Connected Industrial, and Connected Worker.

  • Capabilities as of May 2026 — Building energy analytics, occupancy analytics, Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD).
  • AI models — Time-series anomaly detection, energy prediction, equipment failure prediction.
  • Data lake — Built on Microsoft Azure. Honeywell has integrated Azure deeply for OT.

Honeywell has pushed the link between Forge and Quantinuum (quantum computing) since 2024-2026, but quantum reaching real building operations is further out.

Chapter 8 · Johnson Controls OpenBlue — Built on Microsoft Azure

OpenBlue (johnsoncontrols.com/openblue) is the JCI digital platform launched in July 2020. The defining trait is a deep Microsoft partnership.

  • OpenBlue Enterprise Manager — Portfolio management across many buildings.
  • OpenBlue Net Zero Buildings — Carbon emissions tracking and reduction recommendations.
  • OpenBlue Companion — User application.
  • AI Hub (expanded 2024) — Machine learning-based autonomous operation modules.
  • Glas Smart Thermostat — JCIs own residential device with Microsoft Cortana integration.

Since 2024 JCI has also worked with BrainBox AI, offering a "JCI + BrainBox" option to some customers.

Chapter 9 · Siemens Desigo CC, Building X, Comfy

Siemens building strategy has three layers.

  • Desigo CC — Floor-level BAS integration workstation. One to dozens of buildings.
  • Building X — Cloud platform. Portfolio-level analytics.
  • Comfy — User app. A Siemens-acquired startup from Oakland, California (acquisition closed 2018).

Comfy lets employees adjust the temperature and lighting at their seat from a mobile app. It is also a way to collect data on what employees actually want after returning to the office.

In 2023 Siemens announced SiemensOS (an industrial OS for IoT) and deepened its partnership with NVIDIA Omniverse for building digital twins.

Chapter 10 · Schneider Electric EcoStruxure Building

EcoStruxure Building (se.com) is Schneiders BAS brand. Its French headquarters explains its strength in the EU market.

  • EcoStruxure Building Operation — BAS integration console.
  • EcoStruxure Building Advisor — Cloud analytics, mainly FDD.
  • EcoStruxure Workplace Advisor — Combines occupancy and air quality.
  • AVEVA integration — Schneiders 2018 acquisition of AVEVA enables an integrated industrial and building digital twin.

Schneider is distinct in viewing buildings and data centers from a single platform. EcoStruxure runs deep inside the EPMS (Electrical Power Monitoring System) of hyperscaler (AWS, Azure, Google) data centers.

Chapter 11 · BrainBox AI — Canadian Autonomous Building AI, Partnered with Trane

BrainBox AI (brainboxai.com) is a startup founded in Montreal, Canada, in 2017. It struck a global partnership with Trane Technologies in 2024.

  • Autonomous HVAC optimization — Connects to the BAS and generates control commands automatically from the cloud. No human in the loop.
  • Installed footprint (May 2026) — Roughly 60 countries and 5,000+ buildings (company figures).
  • Energy savings — Real-world case studies (not RCTs) report 15-25 % on average and up to 50 % in some sites.
  • Carbon measurement — Built-in GHG Protocol Scope 1 and 2 reporting.
  • GPT-4 integration (2023) — "ARIA," an LLM assistant for buildings.

The BrainBox AI message is simple: do not replace the BAS, layer AI on top. As a cloud overlay on existing infrastructure, the barrier to adoption is low.

Chapter 12 · 75F — Wireless BAS Under Acuity Brands

75F (75f.co) is a wireless BAS startup founded in 2012 by founders from India and the U.S. Acuity Brands (a lighting conglomerate) acquired it in 2024.

  • Wireless IoT sensors — Zigbee-based. Installs in older buildings without running cables.
  • DCV (Demand Control Ventilation) — Occupancy-based ventilation.
  • Target market — Small to mid-size commercial buildings (2,000-20,000 m²). The slice the Big Five cannot reach economically.
  • Effect of the Acuity deal — Acuity nLight lighting + 75F HVAC + Distech Controls now sit under one roof.

75F has spread quickly across mid-market buildings in the U.S. Midwest and South with a "plug-and-play BAS" message.

Chapter 13 · Cohesion — Building Intelligence Plus a Tenant App

Cohesion (cohesionib.com) is a Chicago-based startup. It looks at both the operator and the tenant at once.

  • Cohesion Operations — BAS integration analytics.
  • Cohesion Experience — Tenant mobile app (visitor management, room booking, food court menus).
  • Occupancy data — Integrates VergeSense and Density-style sensors.
  • Return-to-office analytics — A key post-pandemic use case.

Cohesion pushes the vision that "a building should be operated like a hotel," and is well known for its deployment at Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) in Chicago.

Chapter 14 · PassiveLogic, Verdigris, Carbon Lighthouse, GridPoint

Five more AI building startups worth knowing.

  • PassiveLogic — Utah, USA. Founded 2016. Slogan: Autonomous Buildings. Hive is its digital twin plus AI control platform.
  • Verdigris (verdigris.co) — California. Electrical load disaggregation (NILM-like). Minute-level energy visibility.
  • Carbon Lighthouse — USA. Founded 2014. Pivoted business model in 2023 (services to SaaS).
  • GridPoint — Virginia. 1,000+ multi-site retail and QSR customers. Distributed energy plus efficiency.
  • BlocPower — New York. Converts older multi-family buildings from gas to heat pumps. AI is secondary; financing and installation are the core business.

These five fill gaps the Big Five leave. The advantage is purpose-built AI.

Chapter 15 · Smart Thermostats — Nest, ecobee, Honeywell T-Series

The first entry point for residential and small commercial is the smart thermostat.

  • Google Nest Learning Thermostat — Google acquired Tony Fadells Nest in 2014; the company was founded in 2011. 4th generation in 2024. "Eco" mode plus occupancy learning.
  • Nest Renew — U.S.-only. Automatically shifts to renewable hours.
  • ecobee — Toronto, Canada. Acquired in 2021 by Generac (a generator company). SmartThermostat lineup with remote room sensors.
  • Honeywell T-series — T9 and T10. Multi-zone support. Honeywell Home was spun off as Resideo in 2018, but Honeywell still licenses the brand.
  • Mysa — Canada. Built for electric baseboard heaters.
  • Sensibo — Israel. Replaces the IR remote on mini-split air conditioners.
  • Tado — Germany. European radiator systems.

In the U.S. and Canada, Nest and ecobee split the market. In Europe its Tado and Honeywell. In Japan, Daikin and Mitsubishis own apps lead.

Chapter 16 · Mini-Splits and Heat Pump AI — Daikin, Mitsubishi, LG, Samsung

The core equipment of electrification is the heat pump and the mini-split. Japanese and Korean companies dominate globally.

  • Daikin — Osaka, Japan. Number one in global HVAC revenue. Inventor of the VRV (Variable Refrigerant Volume) system. Daikin Cloud Service for controllers and cloud.
  • Mitsubishi Electric — Tokyo, Japan. Mini-split M-series and the MELCloud app.
  • LG ThinQ Air — South Korea. Residential and commercial.
  • Samsung Air — South Korea. SmartThings integration.
  • Carrier — USA. Fully acquired Toshiba Carrier in 2023.
  • Bosch — Germany. Pushing hard into the heat pump market.

Japanese manufacturers are the first beneficiaries of the gas-to-heat-pump shift in the U.S. and EU. U.S. IRA incentives and the EU Green Deal accelerate that shift.

Chapter 17 · Energy and ESG Reporting — Watershed, Persefoni, Sweep, Salesforce Net Zero

Another destination for building data is ESG reporting. I covered this depth-first in a separate article (iter96).

  • Watershed (watershed.com) — USA. Founded by Stripe and Spotify alumni. Buildings, supply chain, and Scope 3.
  • Persefoni — Arizona, USA. Targets finance and large enterprise.
  • Sweep — Paris, France. EU market.
  • Salesforce Net Zero Cloud — The successor to Salesforce Sustainability Cloud.
  • Goby (acquired by Conservation Labs) — Specializes in real estate ESG.

These translate BAS data into GHG Protocol Scope 1 and 2 (sometimes Scope 3) reports. EU CSRD, U.S. SEC, and Korea ESG disclosure rules drive demand.

Chapter 18 · Building Information Modeling (BIM) — Autodesk Revit, Forma, Bentley iTwin

BIM lives in design and construction, separately from the BAS, but it becomes the foundation for operational digital twins.

  • Autodesk Revit — The de facto BIM standard. R2026 in 2026.
  • Autodesk Forma (2023+) — AI-driven early design analytics (light, wind, occupancy prediction).
  • Autodesk Tandem — Operations-phase digital twin.
  • Bentley iTwin — Bentley Systems digital twin for infrastructure and buildings.
  • Trimble — Integrated survey, BIM, and construction.
  • Graphisoft Archicad — Hungary. The Revit alternative.

Autodesk concentrated AI investment in Forma and Tandem during 2023-2024. Cooperation with NVIDIA Omniverse and Cesium also deepened.

Chapter 19 · Lighting AI — Acuity Brands, Signify, Lutron, Helvar

The second-largest energy consumer in a building is lighting. AI applies to occupancy- and daylight-based dimming.

  • Acuity Brands nLight + Distech Controls — USA. With the 75F acquisition, Acuity has become a full-stack building controls company.
  • Signify Interact — Netherlands. Formerly Philips Lighting. Interact Office, Interact Industry, and Interact City.
  • Lutron Vive — USA. Wireless plus cloud.
  • Helvar — Finland. EU-leaning.
  • DALI-2 — Digital Addressable Lighting Interface. The lighting control standard.

LED plus wireless plus occupancy sensing is essentially the default in new buildings. The retrofit market for older buildings remains large in 2026.

Chapter 20 · Access Control and Occupancy — Brivo, Verkada, VergeSense, Density

Another axis of building operations is "who is where, when."

  • HID Global — Subsidiary of Assa Abloy. Card and reader standards.
  • Brivo — USA. Cloud-based access control.
  • Genea — USA. Cloud ACS (Access Control System).
  • Verkada — USA. CCTV plus access control. Series D in 2024.
  • VergeSense — USA. Ceiling computer-vision occupancy.
  • Density — USA. Radar-based occupancy counting. More privacy-friendly than CCTV.
  • Spaceti — Czech Republic. Occupancy plus environmental sensors.
  • PointGrab — Israel. Ceiling sensors.

Quantifying empty offices became a major use case after the pandemic. VergeSense and Density rode that wave.

Chapter 21 · Workplace Experience — Robin, Envoy, iOFFICE+SpaceIQ, Comfy

These are employee-facing apps rather than operator-facing tools.

  • Robin — USA. Desk and room booking.
  • Envoy — USA. Visitor management plus desk booking.
  • iOFFICE+SpaceIQ — USA. Integrated workplace management (IWMS).
  • Comfy (Siemens) — Employee-driven seat-level temperature and lighting.
  • Eden Workplace — USA. Integrated workplace.

These are the office tools of the hybrid era, merging real estate asset management and employee experience into one app.

Chapter 22 · Korean Smart Buildings — Samsung SDS, LG CNS, SK, POSCO ICT, Hyundai E and C

The Korean market splits between the Big Five BAS vendors and domestic system integrators (SIs).

  • Samsung SDS Brity Cloud Building — Applied first to Samsungs own offices. Niagara-based consulting.
  • LG CNS i.builder — Standard BAS for LG buildings.
  • SK Smart Building — Partnership between SK Telecom and SK C&C. Pangyo headquarters and others.
  • POSCO ICT — Smart factory and smart building convergence. Used across POSCO group offices.
  • Hyundai E and C H-One — Construction-plus-IoT integration. From BIM to operations on new builds.
  • Halla Group "Vision" series — Mechanical and construction convergence.

In Korea, the Big Five supply the equipment and domestic SIs handle integration and operations. Niagara is central at the SI layer.

The Seoul Smart Building Certification (since 2023) and the mandatory Building Energy Efficiency Grade system pull the market upward.

Chapter 23 · Japanese Smart Buildings — Daikin, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Mitsui Fudosan, Mitsubishi Estate

Japan is unique in being strong on both HVAC manufacturing and real estate operations.

  • Daikin — Number one in global HVAC. Daikin Cloud Service is its own IoT platform.
  • Mitsubishi Electric — MELCloud and the MELSEC iQ-R series.
  • Panasonic Smart City — Fujisawa SST (Sustainable Smart Town) and others.
  • Komatsu Smart Construction — Construction-plus-IoT.
  • NTT Facilities — Data centers and headquarters operations. Microsoft Azure partnership.
  • Mitsui Fudosan office DX — Tokyo Midtown, Nihonbashi Mitsui Tower.
  • Mitsubishi Estate Marunouchi DX — Digital transformation across the Marunouchi cluster.

The defining feature of the Japanese market is that building owners drive digitalization themselves. Developers like Mitsui Fudosan and Mitsubishi Estate are the key users.

Chapter 24 · EU and U.S. Regulation — EPBD, NYC LL97, California Title 24

Regulation pulls the building AI market.

  • EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) — First enacted in 2002, revised in May 2024. 16 % cut by 2030 for non-residential and a ZEB mandate by 2050.
  • EU Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) — Revised in 2023. Annual 1.9 % cuts for public buildings.
  • NYC Local Law 97 — Passed 2019, in force since 2024. A 268 USD per-ton carbon fine for buildings over 2,500 m².
  • California Title 24 — Updated since 1978. The 2022 cycle (effective 2023) added stronger electrification requirements.
  • Boston BERDO 2.0 — Bostons own carbon caps.
  • DC Building Energy Performance Standards (BEPS) — Washington, D.C.

These regulations create the market for BrainBox AI, 75F, and Cohesion. "Buying AI to dodge fines" is the honest driver.

Chapter 25 · Korea and Japan Regulation — Energy Efficiency Grade, Energy Saving Act, ZEB

East Asia is also rapidly tightening regulation.

  • Building Energy Efficiency Grade (Korea) — Pilot in 2009, mandatory in 2013. Public buildings must hit 1+++.
  • Green Building Certification (G-SEED) — A Korean LEED-equivalent.
  • Japan Energy Saving Act — First passed in 1979, strengthened in 2022. Energy management is required above a size threshold.
  • ZEB (Net-Zero Energy Building) — Japan. A ZEB Ready requirement for new builds by 2030 is under discussion.
  • ZEH (Net-Zero Energy House) — Residential, Japan.
  • CASBEE — Japans environmental performance assessment.
  • K-BIM — Koreas BIM standard. Mandatory for public projects by 2030.

Korea and Japan use less aggressive fines than the U.S. and EU but build the market via public procurement mandates. Public buildings adopt ZEB and BIM first.

Chapter 26 · Cybersecurity — The Dark Side of BAS

Building automation has long been notorious for weaker security than IT.

  • Target breach (2013) — Attackers used an HVAC contractors credentials to pivot into the POS network. 40 million cards exposed.
  • TRITON (2017) — An attack on a Saudi refinery safety system. Industrial, but the same OT category as BAS.
  • Verkada hack (2021) — 150,000 CCTV feeds exposed.
  • Cisco Talos and Claroty reports — In 2024-2026, tens of thousands of BACnet instances are still exposed on the public internet.
  • BACnet/SC adoption — Uptake of the secure variant is slow, mainly on new construction.

Building cybersecurity is a space where the "air-gap assumption" has broken. The risk grows as cloud BAS expands.

Chapter 27 · Digital Twins — NVIDIA Omniverse, Cesium, ArcGIS Indoors

BIM from design and construction extends into operations-phase digital twins.

  • NVIDIA Omniverse — USD-based industrial and building simulation. Covered in detail in iter71.
  • Cesium — 3D geospatial. City-scale.
  • Esri ArcGIS Indoors — Indoor GIS.
  • Autodesk Tandem — Brings Revit data into operations.
  • Bentley iTwin — Infrastructure plus buildings.
  • Matterport — 3D scanning. Acquired by CoStar in 2022.

Digital twins let people "walk a virtual building to inspect it." Multinationals with global portfolios are the most active users.

Chapter 28 · Wrap-Up — One Line for May 2026

Five-minute summary.

  • The BAS Big Five — Honeywell, JCI, Siemens, Schneider, and Trane supply equipment and integration.
  • Middleware — Niagara is the vendor-neutral standard. Korean and Japanese SIs are almost all Niagara-certified.
  • Semantics — Haystack and Brick capture the meaning of the data. ASHRAE 223P is attempting unification.
  • AI startups — BrainBox AI, 75F, Cohesion, and PassiveLogic layer AI on top of the Big Five.
  • HVAC manufacturer AI — Daikin, Mitsubishi, LG, and Samsung push AI into equipment.
  • Regulation — EU EPBD, NYC LL97, California Title 24, Japans Energy Saving Act, and Koreas Energy Efficiency Grade pull the market.
  • Digital twins — NVIDIA Omniverse and Autodesk Tandem merge operations and simulation.

In the next article we look at the blurring line between buildings and data centers under the "AI data center infrastructure" theme.

References

Discuss on Twitter • View on GitHub