Introduction
In the previous article we saw the principle that kanji are assembled from radicals and phonetic components, and that on'yomi and kun'yomi split for historical reasons. Knowing the principle, it is time for practice. Studying kanji to pass exams, read real documents, and live in Japan runs on two wheels: understanding the principle and repeating strategically.
The trouble is that most learners start without a strategy. They copy kanji in textbook order from page one, hit a few hundred characters, burn out, and quit. Because kanji are voluminous, designing which characters to learn in which order and by which method up front is what separates passing from quitting.
This article covers:
1. Approximate kanji counts per JLPT level (N5 through N1)
2. The three pillars of efficient memorization — radicals, words, spaced repetition
3. Writing vs. reading: where to spend your time
4. Prioritizing frequent kanji and sorting out confusable ones
5. Tools — apps and textbooks
6. The strengths and traps for Korean learners
7. A staged study plan
Approximate kanji counts per JLPT level
The JLPT runs from N5 (easiest) to N1 (hardest), five levels. There is no official "exactly this many characters at this level" list, but general estimates based on past trends and textbooks are widely used. The numbers below are rough targets only and can vary by source.
| Level | Approx. kanji (cumulative) | Approx. vocabulary | Sense of level |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| N5 | ~100 | ~800 words | Basic greetings, self-intro, simple sentences |
| N4 | ~300 | ~1,500 words | Everyday basic conversation, simple texts |
| N3 | ~650 | ~3,700 words | The bridge stage of daily Japanese |
| N2 | ~1,000 | ~6,000 words | Much of newspapers and work documents |
| N1 | ~2,000 | ~10,000 words | Advanced Japanese across broad fields |
The table shows kanji counts climbing steeply with level. Crossing from N3 to N2 adds about 350 characters, and from N2 to N1 about 1,000. That is why many learners struggle most at the N2 wall and then the N1 wall. Surviving these steep stretches requires an efficient memorization system.
How the JLPT tests kanji
To build a strategy, you need to know how the exam asks about kanji. In the JLPT's first section, "language knowledge (vocabulary and writing)," kanji mainly appear in these formats.
| Question format | What it asks | Sense of it |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kanji reading | Choose the correct reading of a word written in kanji | Hiragana reading of an underlined kanji word |
| Orthography | Choose the correct kanji for a word written in hiragana | Pick the kanji that matches the sound |
| Contextual choice | Choose the vocabulary that fits a blank | A word that fits the context |
| Paraphrase | Replace with a word of similar meaning | Synonyms and near-synonyms |
The key is that the JLPT tests "the ability to read and know meaning," not "the ability to write kanji by hand." Everything is multiple choice with no handwriting production. So for the exam alone, it is efficient to concentrate time on reading, meaning, and vocabulary over writing. That said, since orthography questions ask you to "pick the right one among similar kanji," you must firmly master the distinctions between confusable characters.
The three pillars of efficient memorization
Kanji memorization works best when three methods are combined. One alone is not enough; using all three creates synergy.
Pillar 1 — Radical-based learning
As we saw, radicals are clues to meaning and phonetic components are clues to sound. Instead of memorizing a kanji as one whole picture, break it into "a combination of parts." That reduces the units to remember and makes look-alikes easier to tell apart.
For example, rather than memorizing "clear," "feeling," "request," and "clear sky" separately, group them as "the phonetic sei plus different radicals" and you can remember the four as one family. Use the fact that characters sharing a phonetic tend to share an on'yomi, too.
Pillar 2 — Memorizing inside words
Memorize kanji as isolated characters and you will fail to read them in sentences, because the same character changes between on and kun depending on context. So kanji must be learned as words.
| Inefficient | Efficient |
| --- | --- |
| Memorize only 生 as "life" | Learn it together with 学生 (gakusei), 生きる (ikiru), 生まれる (umareru) |
| Memorize only 上 as "up" | Learn it together with 上手 (jouzu), 上がる (agaru), 上げる (ageru) |
Learning inside words gives you reading, meaning, inflection, and okurigana all at once. See each character as a stem that branches into several words.
Pillar 3 — Spaced repetition (SRS)
Human memory fades over time. The most efficient way to counter that is spaced repetition (SRS). Freshly learned items are reviewed at short intervals, well-remembered items at progressively longer ones, with the review timing adjusted automatically.
The key to SRS is "see it again right before you forget." Too often is a waste; too rarely and you forget. The SRS algorithm computes that optimal moment. With an app that manages flashcards by SRS (such as Anki), handling only "today's review cards" keeps hundreds or thousands of characters in long-term memory.
Using SRS properly
Spaced repetition is powerful, but used wrong it eats time instead. Here are practical principles for using SRS effectively.
| Principle | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Word-level cards | Make cards from words, not isolated characters |
| Sensible new volume | Cap new cards at about 5–15 a day; no greed |
| Review first | Clear the review backlog before adding new ones |
| Honest grading | Mark anything you only vaguely recalled as "wrong" |
| Simple cards | One thing per card; no information overload |
The most common failure is "new-card greed." Carried away by enthusiasm, you add dozens of new cards a day, and a few days later the review queue has ballooned into hundreds, beyond handling. The key to SRS is "a little, consistently, every day." Even capped at 10 new a day, that is over 3,000 in a year. Do not rush.
Equally important is "honest grading." If a card left you unsure and you said "oh right" only after seeing the back, that was in fact a miss. Mark it wrong honestly so SRS shows it more often and cements it. Grading yourself generously means paying the price in the exam room.
Writing vs. reading — allocating time
A common question is "do I need to write kanji by hand?" The answer depends on your goal.
| Goal | Writing emphasis | Reason |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Passing the JLPT | Low | The JLPT has no handwriting-production questions (reading-focused) |
| Living/working in Japan | Medium | Input is mostly via IME, but basic handwriting is occasionally needed |
| Handwriting, calligraphy, deep understanding | High | Carving stroke order and structure by hand makes memory solid |
In modern Japanese life you rely on kanji conversion (IME) on computers and phones, so the practical weight of being able to write every kanji by hand is lower than it once was. If your only goal is the JLPT, it is more efficient to concentrate time on "reading and knowing the meaning."
That said, abandoning writing entirely is not advised. Writing carves the differences of confusable characters into your hand and deepens your grasp of structure through stroke order. A recommended compromise is to "write by hand only the characters you confuse or get wrong." Do not try to write them all; go reading-first and reinforce only your weak characters with writing.
A sample weekly schedule
We saw the daily routine earlier. Now here is an example of how to structure a week. Rather than repeating the same thing daily, varying the emphasis slightly by day reduces boredom and keeps balance.
| Day | Emphasis activity | Purpose |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mon | Add new kanji/vocabulary (week's start) | Start the week's input |
| Tue | New + review | Cement yesterday's input |
| Wed | Review + extensive reading | Mid-week check and context exposure |
| Thu | New + sorting confusable kanji | Reinforce weak points |
| Fri | Review + format practice questions | Maintain exam feel |
| Sat | Extensive reading focus (light) | Enjoyably secure input volume |
| Sun | Whole-week review + tidy up | Check the forgetting curve, rest |
The core of this schedule is "never skip daily review, but adjust the share of new input, extensive reading, and format questions by day." Review must happen daily by SRS's nature, but you need not push the same amount of new input every day. On days when new input feels heavy, refreshing with extensive reading or format questions keeps study going longer.
Sunday's "whole-week review" in particular is a good device for checking forgetting. You can pick out items from the week that do not come back well and re-emphasize them next week. At the same time, Sunday serves as a buffer that trims the load a bit to prevent burnout.
Of course this schedule is only an example. Adjust it to your life rhythm and exam timeline. What matters is the big balance — "review daily, new in moderation, extensive reading in parallel" — not the fine details of the day-by-day layout.
Prioritizing frequent kanji
Few people have time to memorize 2,000-plus characters in textbook order. So what to learn first? The answer is frequency.
Kanji appearance in Japanese text is heavily skewed. A few hundred top characters account for most of actual sentences. So learning frequent kanji first rapidly raises the proportion of text you can read for less effort.
| Priority | Criterion |
| --- | --- |
| Top | Kanji of your target JLPT level, everyday-frequent kanji |
| Next | Frequent kanji in your field (IT, business, etc.) |
| Later | Specialized, advanced, low-frequency kanji |
Covering your own field matters, too. If you work in IT, learning frequent work terms like settings, environment, connection, and failure pays off more immediately than memorizing characters that appear on the exam but rarely in real life.
Sorting out confusable kanji
A big enemy of kanji study is look-alike characters. Grouping similar shapes and noting their differences cuts confusion.
| Confusable set | Distinguishing point |
| --- | --- |
| tree / origin / end | The position and length of horizontal strokes differ |
| big / thick / dog | Presence and position of a dot |
| person / enter | Which stroke protrudes upward |
| earth / scholar | The length ratio of the upper and lower horizontals |
| sun / eye | Number of inner horizontal strokes |
| thousand / shield | Direction of the first stroke |
| wait / hold / special | Different radicals on each |
For such sets, comparing the look-alikes side by side and pinpointing the difference sticks better than viewing the "correct character" alone. When you find a pair you often miss, collect them in a separate "confusion notebook" and review intensively.
Extensive reading — the most enjoyable way to cement kanji
Card drilling alone does not turn kanji into "living knowledge." Only by re-meeting the same kanji in real sentences does reading speed up and meaning settle into you. This is the power of extensive reading.
Extensive reading differs from "intensive reading," where you look up every unknown word in a dictionary. Its core is as follows.
| Extensive-reading principle | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Slightly easier than your level | Choose texts you understand 90 percent or more |
| Skip unknown words | Guess from context and keep the flow unbroken |
| Win on volume | Ten extensively read pieces beat one intensively read one |
| Fun first | Pick interesting fields so it is sustainable |
Choose reading material by level. Beginners do well with graded readers for learners or NHK's easy-Japanese news; intermediate and up can widen to articles in their field, manga, and light novels. The important thing is to pick what you genuinely want to read, so it becomes "reading," not "studying."
Extensive reading is especially good for kanji because it naturally exposes you most to frequent kanji. As we saw, kanji frequency is heavily skewed, so the more you read, the more you automatically repeat exactly the characters used often. If SRS is "planned repetition," extensive reading is "natural repetition in context." Running both together creates large synergy.
Tools — apps and textbooks
Tools for kanji study are abundant now. Each type has different strengths, so combining them is best.
| Tool type | Strength | How to use |
| --- | --- | --- |
| SRS flashcard apps (Anki, etc.) | Automated spaced repetition, free and customizable | Clear daily review cards, use word-level decks |
| Integrated learning apps (WaniKani, etc.) | Systematic radical to kanji to vocabulary order | Build a skeleton at the beginner-intermediate stage |
| Dictionary apps (Jisho, etc.) | Search by radical, stroke count, reading; rich examples | Look up unknown kanji instantly |
| Textbooks (kanji workbooks) | JLPT-format questions for exam feel | Adapt to format right before the exam |
| Extensive reading (news, manga, novels) | Repetition in context, natural exposure to frequent kanji | Secure input volume once you have some base |
Tools are only tools. The most important thing is the daily habit of consistent review. Installing a flashy app and quitting after three days loses badly to running even a simple deck ten minutes a day for six months.
Field-specific kanji — adjust priority to your purpose
Beyond the general goal of passing the JLPT, if you have your own purpose, it is good to slot the matching kanji into your priorities. The same effort yields immediate payoff.
| Purpose | Example kanji/vocabulary to prioritize |
| --- | --- |
| IT and development | settings, environment, connection, failure, construction |
| Business in general | meeting, materials, confirmation, report, proposal |
| Daily life | station, hospital, bank, reservation, guidance |
| Travel | exit, entrance, ticket, information desk |
| Medical and health | internal medicine, surgery, prescription, examination |
Such field-specific kanji may appear late in a textbook's general frequency order, yet you meet them daily in your own life. Running exam kanji and field kanji in parallel turns exam prep directly into real-life ability, which strengthens motivation. Use what you actually want to read — work documents, menus, signs — as fuel for kanji study.
For IT learners especially, it is good to engage early with technical documents where the katakana loanwords seen earlier (data, server) mix with kanji words (settings, construction). Familiar technical concepts become a powerful context for learning kanji and katakana.
Strengths and traps for Korean learners
Korean speakers occupy a special position in kanji study. Knowing both the strengths and the traps lets you maximize the former and avoid the latter.
Strengths
1. **Already familiar with the concept of kanji.** Much of Korean vocabulary is Sino-Korean, so the idea that a character carries meaning is not foreign.
2. **Can guess on'yomi.** As seen earlier, Sino-Korean and Japanese on'yomi correspond regularly. You can lever patterns like a final k mapping to ku — "study" (hak to gaku), "nation" (guk to koku).
3. **Already know most Sino-Korean meanings.** Knowing the meaning of words like "economy" and "library" already, vocabulary learning is much faster than for English speakers.
Traps
1. **Misreading kun as on.** Being used to Sino-Korean readings, it is easy to default to an on-style reading where a kun reading is required. If you always think of "mountain" as san, you miss yama.
2. **False friends.** The same compound can mean different things across the two languages. 工夫 (Korean: study / Japanese: kufuu, ingenuity) and 愛人 (Korean: sweetheart / Japanese: aijin, an illicit partner) need special care.
3. **Shinjitai vs. traditional forms.** Japan uses simplified forms (shinjitai) for some kanji. Shapes such as the simplified forms of "nation," "study," and "manage" differ from the forms familiar in Korea, so you must relearn the shapes.
Measuring progress
To check objectively whether your study is working, you need measurable indicators. A vague feeling of "working hard" alone is hard to sustain motivation on.
| Indicator | How to measure |
| --- | --- |
| Cumulative kanji/vocabulary learned | Check the card count in your SRS deck |
| Daily review accuracy | SRS tallies it automatically |
| Volume of text read | Extensive-reading log (pieces, pages) |
| Mock-test score trend | Periodic format-question scores |
| Items in the confusion notebook | A shrinking count means fewer weak points |
Checking these indicators occasionally lets you see objective evidence that "you are in fact steadily improving," even during a plateau. SRS card count and accuracy in particular accumulate automatically each day, so comparing with a month ago shows your growth in numbers. Growth visible as numbers is powerful motivation.
That said, do not obsess over the indicators. Neglecting review to pump up the card count, or riding the highs and lows of scores, inverts means and ends. Indicators are only "a mirror to check direction," not the goal itself.
A staged study plan
Finally, here is everything bundled into one actionable plan. Durations assume roughly 30 to 60 minutes of study per day and vary by individual.
| Stage | Duration (approx.) | Core activity | Goal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stage 0 | 1 week | Learn 30–50 common radicals | Foundation for guessing meaning |
| Stage 1 | 4–6 weeks | Register N5–N4 kanji as words in SRS | Secure basic vocabulary and reading |
| Stage 2 | 8–12 weeks | N3 kanji and vocabulary, start a confusion notebook | Cross the bridge of daily Japanese |
| Stage 3 | 3–6 months | N2 kanji and vocabulary, ramp up extensive reading | Enter newspapers and work documents |
| Stage 4 | 6 months+ | N1 kanji and vocabulary, field-specific kanji | Complete advanced Japanese |
The core of this plan is "lay the foundation with radicals at Stage 0, memorize with words plus SRS at every stage, and lever Sino-Korean readings while staying aware of the traps." Stages can be adjusted per person, but the big flow — radicals to words to repetition to extensive reading — works for everyone.
A sample daily routine
Knowing the strategy still leaves the question of what to actually do each day. Here is a concrete routine assuming 30 to 40 minutes per day. Scale the time up or down to fit your situation.
| Time | Activity | Purpose |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First 10 min | Clear SRS review cards (backlog first) | Memory maintenance is the top priority |
| Next 10 min | Add 5–10 new kanji/words as words | Keep new input small per session |
| Next 10 min | Read short text (news, example sentences) | Repeated exposure in context |
| Last 5 min | Note the day's confusable characters in the confusion notebook | Targeted weakness management |
The golden rule of this routine is "review before new learning." Postponing review out of a desire to add many new kanji lets hard-won characters leak away one after another. Clear the SRS review queue first every day so it never piles up, and add new items with whatever capacity remains.
Getting through plateaus
Kanji study inevitably brings plateaus. The "no matter how much I memorize, I am not improving" feeling grows especially strong in the N2 to N1 stretch. Here are ways through.
1. **Briefly cut new input and focus on review.** A plateau is usually a sign that "the amount going in" has exceeded "the amount being retained." Pause new items for a few days and run only review to firm up the base.
2. **Raise the share of extensive reading.** If isolated card drilling has worn you out, read a lot of real text and re-meet known kanji in context. Fun and efficiency rise together.
3. **Switch fields for a refresh.** Looking only at the same textbook is tiring. Change the input source to manga, games, or articles in your field for freshness.
4. **Break goals into small pieces.** Instead of a giant goal like "pass N1," keep motivation with measurable small goals like "50 new words this week."
A final-stretch exam strategy
The last two to three weeks before an exam such as the JLPT call for a different strategy than usual.
| Timing | Focus |
| --- | --- |
| 3 weeks out | Stop new input; intensively review weak vocabulary and kanji |
| 2 weeks out | Adapt to format and timing with JLPT-format practice questions |
| 1 week out | Final check of confusable kanji and frequently missed items |
| Day before | No new content; skim lightly and rest well |
Cramming new kanji greedily right before the exam backfires. In the final stretch, focus on "making sure of what you already know." A last check of the confusable pairs collected in your confusion notebook in particular reduces mistakes.
Common study-method mistakes
Even knowing the strategy, it is easy to fall into inefficient habits in actual study. Here are methodological mistakes learners often make.
| Mistake | Why it is a problem | Alternative |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Memorizing isolated kanji only | Cannot read them in sentences | Learn by word |
| Excessive time on writing | The JLPT has no writing production | Reading and meaning first, writing only for weak points |
| Adding new only, neglecting review | Memorized items leak away | Review first, cap new |
| Going by textbook order blindly | Time scattered regardless of frequency | Frequency and target level first |
| Grading yourself generously | Skill is overestimated | Honest grading |
| Cards without extensive reading | Knowledge isolated from context | Run extensive reading in parallel |
The table shows a common lesson: memorize "inside words, frequency-first, review-first, honestly, and with extensive reading." Conversely, memorizing "isolated characters, in textbook order, adding only new, grading yourself generously, with cards alone" yields poor returns for the effort.
There is one more trap Korean learners fall into especially. Confident that they already know kanji meanings, they neglect reading (kun'yomi in particular). Knowing the meaning but being unable to read fails on both the exam and in conversation. Use the strength of knowing meaning, but practice reading just as diligently as an English speaker.
Motivation and habit — consistency wins in the end
The biggest variable deciding success in kanji study is, in fact, "whether you keep going," more than talent or method. Even the best strategy is useless if it stops after three days. Here are practical devices for building consistency.
| Device | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Small and daily | Ten a day every day beats fifty in one day |
| Same time and place | Tie the routine to a specific time and place to habituate it |
| Visualize the streak | Keep motivation with a "days in a row" metric |
| Make progress visible | Record words memorized, texts read |
| Small rewards | Give yourself a small reward on hitting a goal |
| A learning community | Use study partners or communities |
The power of "small and daily" is especially underrated. Cramming 100 in a burst on a motivated day and resting a week loses, over the long run, to memorizing ten a day consistently. SRS is designed precisely on this "a little, every day" philosophy.
One more thing: beware perfectionism. The thought "I am off today, so I will catch up tomorrow" breaks the streak, and a broken streak saps motivation. Keeping a small promise — "just five review cards" even on a bad day — keeps the chain of habit unbroken. Kanji is a long fight of one or two years. Quiet persistence goes farther in the end than a flashy burst.
A core checklist
Here the whole strategy is compressed into one checklist. Use it to check whether your study is on the right track.
| Item | Check question |
| --- | --- |
| Radicals | Do you know the meanings of 30–50 common radicals? |
| Word-level | Do you memorize kanji as words, not isolated? |
| SRS | Do you review daily with spaced repetition? |
| Review first | Do you clear review before new items? |
| Frequency first | Do you focus on target-level and frequent kanji? |
| Confusion notes | Do you collect and review confusable pairs separately? |
| Extensive reading | Do you read real text beyond cards? |
| Sino-Korean | Do you use Sino-Korean readings to guess on'yomi? |
| Trap awareness | Do you watch for false friends, shinjitai, and neglecting kun'yomi? |
| Consistency | Do you keep at it daily, however small? |
If you can answer "yes" to most of these ten, your direction is right. The items where you answer "no" are exactly where to improve. The three core-of-the-core items — "word-level," "review first," and "consistency" — must not be skipped.
Common misconceptions about kanji study
Finally, let us correct a few common misconceptions surrounding kanji study. False beliefs lead to wasted effort.
| Misconception | Reality |
| --- | --- |
| "Kanji only stick if you write them by hand a lot" | Writing is one method; the JLPT centers on reading and meaning |
| "You must memorize all 2,136 to read Japanese" | A few hundred top-frequency characters fill most of sentences |
| "You must memorize every reading of a character" | Memorizing frequent readings as words is enough |
| "Koreans need not study kanji" | Meaning is an edge, but Japanese readings and shinjitai must be relearned |
| "Just installing an app memorizes them for you" | Tools are only support; daily consistency is the core |
| "You can finish kanji by cramming" | By spaced repetition, distributed study is overwhelmingly more efficient |
The "cramming" misconception is especially dangerous. Kanji is heavily affected by the forgetting curve, so characters crammed right before an exam often fail to come back even half the time in the exam room. For the same time spent, distributing the repetition over several days lasts far longer in memory. This is exactly why SRS is powerful.
Beware also the overconfidence that "Koreans have it easy with kanji." The strength of knowing meaning is real, but Japanese readings (kun'yomi especially), shinjitai shapes, and false friends are ultimately areas you must learn anew. Use the strength as a lever, but practice reading as diligently as anyone.
Sample tool combinations
We looked at tool types earlier. In practice it is best to combine several, so here is an example of which combinations work well by stage.
| Study stage | Recommended combination |
| --- | --- |
| Introductory (N5–N4) | Integrated learning app + dictionary app |
| Lower-intermediate (N3) | SRS deck + dictionary app + easy extensive reading |
| Upper-intermediate (N2) | SRS deck + extensive reading + format workbook |
| Advanced (N1) | Extensive reading focus + SRS support + field materials |
At the introductory stage, an integrated learning app providing a systematic order builds the skeleton; at intermediate and above, the share of SRS and extensive reading grows. The further toward advanced, the more the "memorize by tool" share shrinks and the "learn naturally by reading real materials" share grows — a natural flow. Adjust the combination to your level.
Tips for crossing the level-transition stretches
As seen, kanji and vocabulary climb steeply from N3 to N2 and N2 to N1, where many learners plateau. Here are concrete tips for crossing these transition stretches.
| Transition | Difficulty | Coping tip |
| --- | --- | --- |
| N3 to N2 | Surge of abstract vocabulary and kanji words | Expand vocabulary around on-reading compounds; lever Sino-Korean readings |
| N2 to N1 | Low-frequency kanji and idioms | Increase exposure via extensive reading; run field-specific kanji in parallel |
At N2 and above especially, filling vocabulary "by textbook alone" is hard. You must greatly raise the share of extensive reading, meeting kanji words in real text. For Korean speakers, the Sino-Korean lever shows its greatest power in this stretch, because the more abstract a kanji word, the more likely the same compound exists in Korean too, favoring meaning inference.
In this stretch it also helps to set down the goal of "memorizing perfectly." Rather than remembering every N1-level kanji 100 percent, it is realistic to learn the frequent ones thoroughly and infer the rest from context. The exam too requires not every item but only clearing the pass line.
Conclusion
Kanji feels overwhelming because of volume, but with the right strategy it is a mountain you can conquer. To restate the core: lay a meaning foundation with radicals, learn readings inside words, maintain memory with spaced repetition, prioritize frequent and confusable characters, and use the Korean-learner advantage while watching for traps.
Above all, consistency matters. Kanji is a marathon, not a sprint. The small habit of a few characters a day, reviewed daily, becomes a difference of hundreds or thousands of characters in six months or a year. Start today by building a deck for your target level and flipping the first card.
The strategies in this article are not separate pieces but one system. Laying the foundation with radicals, learning readings inside words, reviewing daily with SRS, adding in-context repetition through extensive reading, and levering Sino-Korean readings while watching for traps — efficiency is maximized when all of these run together. Do not rely on any one alone; weave these pieces into your own routine to fit your situation. And keeping that routine, however small, every day is in the end the surest path over the mountain of kanji.
References
- [JLPT official site](https://www.jlpt.jp/)
- [JLPT level summary (official)](https://www.jlpt.jp/e/about/levelsummary.html)
- [Agency for Cultural Affairs — regular-use kanji table](https://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/kanji/)
- [Anki — spaced-repetition flashcards](https://apps.ankiweb.net/)
- [WaniKani — kanji and vocabulary](https://www.wanikani.com/)
- [Tofugu — How to Learn Kanji](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/how-to-learn-kanji/)
- [Jisho — kanji dictionary](https://jisho.org/)
- [Wikipedia — Spaced repetition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaced_repetition)
현재 단락 (1/237)
In the previous article we saw the principle that kanji are assembled from radicals and phonetic com...