https://www.youngju.dev/blog 천천히 올바르게. AI Researcher & DevOps Engineer Youngju's tech blog. GPU/CUDA, LLM, MLOps, Kubernetes AI workloads, distributed training, and data engineering. ko fjvbn2003@gmail.com (Youngju Kim) fjvbn2003@gmail.com (Youngju Kim) Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://www.youngju.dev/blog/culture/2026-05-15-quantum-computing-2026-ibm-heron-google-willow-quantinuum-ionq-pasqal-psiquantum-deep-dive.en https://www.youngju.dev/blog/culture/2026-05-15-quantum-computing-2026-ibm-heron-google-willow-quantinuum-ionq-pasqal-psiquantum-deep-dive.en The moment Google published Willow in December 2024 and crossed the surface-code threshold where errors fall exponentially as you add more qubits, the end of the NISQ era came into view. In February 2025 Microsoft dropped Majorana 1 and AWS dropped Ocelot in the same month, and IBM brought Quantum System Two online on the Heron R2 chip (156 qubits). This essay surveys the full quantum computing stack as of May 2026 — six modalities from superconducting to cat qubits, the Qiskit / Cirq / Q# / OpenQASM 3 programming standards, surface / color / Floquet error-correcting codes, and the national quantum strategies of Korea (KISTI, ETRI) and Japan (RIKEN, NEC, Fujitsu, NTT). Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT fjvbn2003@gmail.com (Youngju Kim) quantumquantum-computingibmgoogle-willowquantinuumionqpasqalatom-computingpsiquantumqiskitcirqqsharpopenqasm2026deep-diveenglish https://www.youngju.dev/blog/culture/2026-05-15-quantum-computing-2026-ibm-heron-google-willow-quantinuum-ionq-pasqal-psiquantum-deep-dive.ja https://www.youngju.dev/blog/culture/2026-05-15-quantum-computing-2026-ibm-heron-google-willow-quantinuum-ionq-pasqal-psiquantum-deep-dive.ja 2024年12月にGoogleがWillowを発表し、量子ビットを増やすほど誤りが指数関数的に減少するという表面符号のしきい値を超えたとき、NISQ時代の終わりが見えた。2025年2月にはMicrosoftがMajorana 1を、AWSがOcelotを同月にぶつけ、IBMはHeron R2(156量子ビット)上でQuantum System Twoを本格稼働させた。本稿は2026年5月時点の量子コンピューティングスタックを — 超伝導・イオントラップ・中性原子・光子・トポロジカル・キャットの6モダリティ、Qiskit・Cirq・Q#・OpenQASM 3のプログラミング標準、表面・カラー・Floquet符号の誤り訂正、韓国(KISTI・ETRI)と日本(理研・NEC・富士通・NTT)の量子戦略まで — 一気に整理する。 Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT fjvbn2003@gmail.com (Youngju Kim) quantumquantum-computingibmgoogle-willowquantinuumionqpasqalatom-computingpsiquantumqiskitcirqqsharpopenqasm2026deep-dive日本語 https://www.youngju.dev/blog/culture/2026-05-15-quantum-computing-2026-ibm-heron-google-willow-quantinuum-ionq-pasqal-psiquantum-deep-dive https://www.youngju.dev/blog/culture/2026-05-15-quantum-computing-2026-ibm-heron-google-willow-quantinuum-ionq-pasqal-psiquantum-deep-dive 2024년 12월 구글이 Willow를 발표하고 큐비트 수가 늘수록 에러가 지수적으로 줄어드는 임계점을 넘었다고 선언한 순간, NISQ 시대의 끝이 보였다. 2025년 2월에는 마이크로소프트가 Majorana 1을, AWS가 Ocelot 칩을 같은 달에 던졌고, IBM은 Heron R2(156큐빗) 위에서 Quantum System Two를 본격 가동했다. 이 글은 2026년 5월 시점의 양자 컴퓨팅 스택을 — 초전도·이온트랩·중성원자·광자·위상·캣큐빗까지 여섯 모달리티, Qiskit·Cirq·Q#·OpenQASM 3 프로그래밍 표준, 표면·컬러·Floquet 에러정정 코드, 한국 KISTI/ETRI와 일본 RIKEN/NEC/Fujitsu/NTT의 양자 전략까지 — 한 호흡으로 정리한다. Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT fjvbn2003@gmail.com (Youngju Kim) quantumquantum-computingibmgoogle-willowquantinuumionqpasqalatom-computingpsiquantumqiskitcirqqsharpopenqasm2026deep-dive